Ultrafiltration membrane technology can play a very important role in all aspects of our lives in water treatment of environmental engineering, because Ultrafiltration membrane technology has a very wide range of applications, low cost, and very simple operation process. Ultrafiltration membrane technology has become the key technical means of drinking water purification and sewage treatment, and has the function of environmental protection. Therefore, Ultrafiltration membrane technology is widely used in environmental treatment process, which is very practical.

1. Principle and Characteristics of Ultrafiltration Membrane Technology

1.1 The principle of Ultrafiltration Membrane Technology.

Ultrafiltration membrane is a tangential flow of fluid on the surface of membrane. It is a physical separation process, driven by low pressure and separated and filtered according to the molecular weight of solute, without any phase transition. The pore size of ultrafiltration membrane is about 0.002-0.1 micron. Dissolved substances and substances with smaller pore size than the membrane will pass through the filter membrane as osmotic fluid, and substances that cannot pass through the filter membrane will be slowly concentrated in the discharge fluid. Therefore, the produced water (through liquid) will contain water, ions and small molecular weight substances, while colloidal substances, macromolecular substances, particles, bacteria, viruses and protozoa will be intercepted by membrane, and removed by concentrated water discharge, backwashing and chemical cleaning. Ultrafiltration membranes are widely used in the treatment of industrial, drinking water, food, medicine, high concentration wastewater and so on.

1.2 The characteristics of Ultrafiltration Membrane Technology.

(1) High efficiency of impurity removal. For the effective application of UF membrane technology in water treatment, the most basic application purpose and demand is to remove all impurities in water resources. In this respect, the application of UF membrane technology can really show strong advantages, and ultimately the filtered water quality has been significantly improved and the residual impurities have been reduced. Ultrafiltration membrane technology can remove almost all colloids, suspended solids and bacteria in liquids with a processing accuracy of over 99.9%.

(2) Eliminate secondary pollution. Compared with the application of traditional water treatment technology, the operation of this ultrafiltration membrane technology can achieve a better filtration effect without the aid of various chemicals and the addition of additives, thus effectively avoiding the emergence of secondary pollution, and is also an important performance advantage to ensure water quality.

(3) The stability is ideal. From the practical application of follow-up UF membrane technology, its advantages in stability are also ideal, and the advantages in stability are also multi-angle. For example, its chemical stability is more prominent, and it can operate reliably in acidic, alkaline and other solution environments. In addition, the application of UF membrane technology can also be carried out in high temperature environments. Effective use, so that it can better play the ideal bactericidal effect, obvious advantages.

2. Application of Ultrafiltration Membrane Technology in Environmental Engineering Water Treatment

2.1 Purification of Drinking Water

With the rapid development of our country's economy and the continuous improvement of our national living standards, people gradually pay more attention to the quality of drinking water. And the quality of tap water has an important impact on the health of our residents. Once the problem of drinking water occurs, there will be various problems, such as the emergence and spread of diseases. So the quality of drinking water is very important. But up to now, the situation of water pollution control in China is still not optimistic, and the water pollution problem has not been well solved, so the purification of water resources is particularly important. Ultrafiltration membrane technology can not only filter out macromolecule substances from water, but also treat harmful microorganisms in water, and also play a role in some chemical pollutants in water.

This greatly improves the water purification efficiency and quality of China's water purification system, and meets the national demand for drinking water quality under the improved living conditions. However, the problem of water pollution in China is still very serious, and even the problem is aggravating. Many new pollutants appear in the polluted water. Fortunately, the ultrafiltration membrane technology can still filter these new pollutants out of the water, so that the water treated by the ultrafiltration membrane technology meets the national drinking water standards. The quality of drinking water is directly related to the health of our people, so our country attaches great importance to the problem of drinking water. It can also be seen that ultrafiltration membrane technology plays a very important role in the water purification industry in China.

2.2 Treatment of Papermaking Wastewater

The continuous development of society has promoted the progress of all walks of life, and office and school places are inseparable from paper. At the same time, with the increasing demand for paper, the management of fertilizer and water in paper mills has also become an important aspect of water pollution. In the past, the treatment of paper-making wastewater with chemical agents has reduced its molecular volume, accompanied by the retention of water solution. Underground water, however, is re-polluted by unreasonable use of chemicals. Ultrafiltration membrane technology can directly compress the pulp in aqueous solution, so that it can be reused until it can not be reused, which directly improves the reuse efficiency of paper resources and treatment of groundwater pollution has a very obvious effect.

2.3 Application in Wastewater Recovery of Food Industry

Many industrial wastewater will also be produced in the process of food industry production. The composition of this kind of industrial wastewater is different from other industrial wastewater. There are more organic matters in the water, such as starch, yeast and protein, which have higher recycling value. Moreover, the pollutants such as COD and BOD, which contain more oil in the wastewater, are discharged directly into the natural water without treatment. It will aggravate the eutrophication of natural water, eventually lead to water ecological environment disasters, resulting in serious environmental pollution. Ultrafiltration membrane technology in the treatment of food wastewater can effectively remove and recover all kinds of organic matter in water, while retaining BOD and COD to the greatest extent, which can reduce water pollution and improve the reuse value of wastewater. The electroplating industry has a large amount of water and wastewater discharge. The electroplating industry has its own particularity. There are many toxic heavy metal ions in the wastewater, such as chromium, nickel, copper and zinc, which seriously threaten human health and crop safety, and may lead to excessive heavy metal content in agricultural and livestock products. Therefore, the electroplating industry wastewater needs to be treated before it can be discharged. It is difficult to recover metal ions from wastewater of electroplating industry. Electrolyte is usually chosen to treat wastewater. The cost of treatment and energy consumption are relatively high. In contrast, the application of ultrafiltration membrane technology in electroplating wastewater treatment can remove organic carbon, nickel and conductivity, thus significantly reducing the concentration of harmful substances in electroplating wastewater.

Under the new situation, the relevant departments and personnel pay more attention to the environmental engineering water treatment work, and put forward more and higher requirements for it. In order to better meet the requirements of the new era, staff need to apply some advanced technologies reasonably. Ultrafiltration membrane technology can effectively treat domestic wastewater and sewage, and can improve the utilization rate of water resources under the condition of reducing pollution. Therefore, it has been widely used in environmental engineering water treatment. This paper summarizes the Ultrafiltration membrane technology and its application in environmental engineering water. The specific application in treatment is expounded.